Researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital are looking into the possibility that a long-used vaccine may help people with Type 1 diabetes.

A phase-two trial will test whether the vaccine that protects against tuberculosis provides any relief to people with advanced Type 1 diabetes. This disease is caused by an immune system attack on the pancreas.

Over five years, enrolled patients will receive the vaccine several times. Researchers believe the vaccine may calm the immune system and lower blood sugar levels for Type 1 diabetics.

A phase-one trial already completed showed that in people with Type 1 diabetes, two injections eradicated rogue white blood cells that attack the pancreas and impair its insulin production. Trial participants even saw a return of pancreas function.

But with just two injections of the drug, the effect was temporary. Researchers now want to learn whether continued shots of the vaccine will bring long-term change. Participants must have at least a small amount of natural insulin production.

The Boston scientists have discovered that the vaccine works against certain trouble-making white blood cells by amping up levels of a protein called tumor necrosis factor. Called T-N-F for short, this protein gets rid of the problematic blood cells.

The tuberculosis vaccine has garnered lots of attention from scientists worldwide for its ability to help modulate the immune system. In addition to its original use, the vaccine is also F-D-A approved as a treatment for bladder cancer. The vaccine is known for its high safety marks among people who receive it.

Other researchers are investigating whether it affects multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases. Hopefully, use of this vaccine will bring good news to patients with diabetes, too.