Most people know that sugar can lead to tooth decay over time. One of the reasons some people drink sugar-free soda is the belief that it won’t damage their teeth. However, researchers at the Oral Health Cooperative Research Center based in Australia now say this belief might be untrue.

The researchers tested 23 different types of drinks, including sodas and sports drinks, and found that those containing acidic additives cause measurable damage to tooth enamel, even if they have no sugar in them.

Sugars build up potentially harmful plaque on teeth. This plaque is digested by bacteria, which then convert it into acid. These acids dissolve the outer layers of tooth enamel over time. Once the acid has stripped the tooth of enamel, the soft pulp inside the tooth can be exposed. Therefore, drinks that are acidic — sugar free or not — can attack your teeth.

The studies found the majority of soft drinks and sports drinks led to softening of dental enamel by between one-third and one-half. They also found that both sugary and sugar-free soft beverages — including flavored mineral waters — cause a measurable loss of tooth enamel. Six out of eight sports drinks tested also caused enamel softening. The researchers noted that the two drinks that did not cause enamel softening both had a higher calcium content than the other beverages.

So how can you still enjoy your favorite sugar-free beverages? The researchers recommend people check for acidic additives in the ingredients list when deciding which sugar-free products to buy. They also suggest not brushing your teeth immediately after finishing a drink, since this could brush away the softened tooth layer. Instead, rinse your mouth with water and wait an hour before brushing.