When you think about January, your mind may conjure resolutions or bone-chilling cold. But do you ever think about your thyroid? January is Thyroid Awareness Month, which makes it a great time to talk about the basics of this gland.

The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland in your neck and is part of the endocrine system. Although small, the thyroid is mighty; its many functions include controlling your metabolism and regulating body temperature.

Thyroid problems occur when the gland produces too little or too much hormone. When this imbalance occurs, it can throw off many functions in the body. Hypothyroidism occurs when your thyroid produces too little hormone, and hyperthyroidism occurs when it produces too much. Each condition has its own problems. Anyone can be affected, but women are five times more likely than men to develop thyroid problems. According to the American Thyroid Association, an estimated 20 million Americans have some form of thyroid disease.

Symptoms of hypothyroidism include unexplained weight gain, severely dry skin and a greater sensitivity to cold. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include severe anxiety, tremors in your hands and fingers, and unexplained weight loss.

Many of these symptoms can mimic other health conditions, so the best way to know if you have a thyroid imbalance is to talk to your doctor. A blood test can measure whether your thyroid gland is acting properly. If it’s not, your doctor will work with you to determine the best treatment option, including available medications.

Check up on your thyroid to ensure your butterfly gland continues to do its big job well.